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Joseph Jefferson Jackson (July 16, 1887 – December 5, 1951), nicknamed "Shoeless Joe", was an American outfielder who played Major League Baseball in the early part of the 20th century. He is remembered for his performance on the field and for his alleged association with the Black Sox Scandal, in which members of the Chicago White Sox participated in a conspiracy to fix the World Series. As a result of Jackson's association with the scandal, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, Major League Baseball's first commissioner, banned Jackson from playing after the season despite exceptional play in the 1919 World Series, leading both teams in a statistical category and setting a series record. Since then, Jackson's guilt has been fiercely debated with new accounts claiming his innocence beckoning Major League Baseball to reconsider his banishment. As a result of the scandal, Jackson's career was abruptly halted in his prime, ensuring him a place in baseball lore forever. Jackson played for three Major League teams during his 12-year career. He spent – as a member of the Philadelphia Athletics and with the minor league New Orleans Pelicans before joining the Cleveland Naps at the end of the 1910 season. He remained in Cleveland through the first part of the ; he played the remainder of the season through with the Chicago White Sox. Jackson, who played left field for most of his career, currently has the third-highest career batting average in major league history. In , Jackson hit for a .4008 average. It is still the sixth-highest single-season total since , which marked the beginning of the modern era for the sport. His average that year also set the record for batting average in a single season by a rookie.〔Although he was in the majors as early as 1908, Major League rules at the time stipulated that a player was considered a rookie until he has had more than 130 at-bats in a season.()〕 Babe Ruth said that he modeled his hitting technique after Jackson's.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=thebaseballpage.com/players/jacksjo01.php )〕 Jackson still holds the Indians and White Sox franchise records for both triples in a season and career batting average. In 1999, he ranked number 35 on ''The Sporting News'' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. The fans voted him as the 12th-best outfielder of all-time. He also ranks 33rd on the all-time list for non-pitchers according to the win shares formula developed by Bill James. ==Early life== Jackson was born in Pickens County, South Carolina, the oldest son in the family. His father George was a sharecropper; he moved the family to Pelzer, South Carolina, while Jackson was still a baby. A few years afterwards the family moved to a company town called Brandon Mill, on the outskirts of Greenville, South Carolina.〔Fleitz p. 7〕 An attack of measles almost killed him when he was 10. He was in bed for two months, paralyzed while he was nursed back to health by his mother.〔Fleitz p. 9〕 Starting at the age of 6 or 7, Jackson worked in one of the town's textile mills as a "linthead," a derogatory name for a mill hand.〔 Family finances required Joe to take 12-hour shifts in the mill, and since education at the time was a luxury the Jackson family couldn't afford, Jackson was uneducated.〔 His lack of education ultimately became an issue throughout Jackson's life. It even affected the value of his memorabilia in the collectibles market; because Jackson was illiterate, he often had his wife sign his signature. Consequently, anything actually autographed by Jackson himself brings a premium when sold, including one autograph which was sold for $23,500 in 1990 (equal to $ today). In restaurants, rather than ask someone to read the menu to him, he would wait until his teammates ordered and then order one of the items that he heard.〔Honig, Donald. ''The Man in the Dugout''.〕 In 1900, when he was 13 years old, his mother was approached by one of the owners of the Brandon Mill and he started to play for the mill's baseball team.〔Fleitz p. 10〕 He was the youngest player on the team. He was paid $2.50 to play on Saturdays (equivalent to $ today).〔 He was originally placed as a pitcher, but one day he accidentally broke another player's arm with a fastball. No one wanted to bat against him so the manager of the team placed him in the outfield. His hitting ability made him a celebrity around town. Around that time he was given a baseball bat which he named Black Betsy.〔 He was compared to Champ Osteen, another player from the mills who made it to the Majors.〔 He moved from mill team to mill team in search of better pay, even playing semi-professional baseball by 1905.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shoeless Joe Jackson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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